Cough, runny nose, and sore throat

A cough, a runny nose, and a sore throat are among the most common symptoms of a cold. It often starts with a scratchy throat or a runny nose. Later, a cough may develop—at first dry and irritating, and sometimes accompanied by phlegm.

Adequate rest, plenty of fluids, and well-moisturized mucous membranes can help support the body during a respiratory infection.

Cough

Coughing is a natural protective reflex. It helps remove mucus, foreign objects, and other irritants from the airways.

The main distinctions are as follows:

• dry cough: with little or no mucus
• productive cough: with mucus production and phlegm

The appropriate measures depend, among other things, on the type and cause of the cough.

Learn More About Coughs

Dry cough

A dry cough can be particularly bothersome, especially at night. It often occurs at the beginning or end of a cold. Dry air, smoke, dust, and talking frequently can further aggravate the urge to cough.

Drinking regularly, lukewarm beverages, and a comfortable indoor environment can help soothe irritated mucous membranes.

Learn More About a Dry Cough

Sore throat

A sore throat often starts with a scratchy or rough feeling. Swallowing and speaking can be uncomfortable. In addition to cold viruses, dry air, smoke, or overuse of the voice can also irritate the throat.

The following may be beneficial:

• drink enough
• lukewarm teas
• Gargling with Salt Water
• Hard candies
• Keep your neck and throat warm
• Take Care of Your Voice

Learn More About Sore Throats

Cold

A cold causes inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It swells and produces more mucus. The nose may run, be stuffy, or alternate between the two conditions.

Nasal rinses with a suitable saline solution, drinking plenty of fluids, and keeping the air in your home from getting too dry can help support the nasal mucosa.

Learn More About the Common Cold

Sinusitis

If the nasal mucosa swells significantly, mucus from the sinuses may have difficulty draining. This can lead to a feeling of pressure, facial pain, headaches, or a diminished sense of smell.

Common symptoms include:

• Pressure in the area of the forehead or cheeks
• stuffy nose
• thick nasal discharge
• increased pain when bending forward
• Headaches
• general feeling of illness

Learn more about sinusitis

What's Good for Your Respiratory System

Simple measures can help relieve irritated mucous membranes:

• Drink plenty of water or unsweetened tea
• Drink beverages at a comfortably warm temperature, but not too hot
• Ventilate regularly
• Avoid dry indoor air
• Avoid smoke and strong odors
• Get enough sleep and reduce physical exertion
• Keep your nose and throat moist

When should you see a doctor about your symptoms?

A medical evaluation is recommended in the following cases:

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain or tightness
• high or prolonged fever
• bloody sputum
• severe difficulty swallowing
• severely swollen or coated tonsils
• severe facial or headaches
• unilateral swelling in the neck or face
• a persistent or recurring cough
• Symptoms that are getting significantly worse
• severe heart or lung disease

If you experience sudden shortness of breath or symptoms that seem life-threatening, seek medical help immediately.